There are three distinct tasks and many software packages that do them:
A list of the software I used for what follows can be found here. Step by step instructions will be created at a later date. A breezy version of what to use is presented here.
The underlying sound system takes care of hardware related tasks and we won't go into that here. I'm also not going to talk about music sharing programs, that's way too large a topic for his little intro and I don't use any of it. When I say networking, I mostly mean share with myself.
It's hard to beat abcde for ripping CDs to compressed form. Add your user to the "audio" and "disk" groups, drop your cd into a player and type abcde at a shell prompt. The program looks up your CD in an online database to get all the names and then makes nice ogg files for you. These can then be played with ogg123 on the command line or any music player like XMMS.
For recording records and tapes, I use Krecord. Krecord does recording and has excellent spooling. Long files don't blow up. It makes wav files which you can then clean up with audacity and compress with oggenc. Together with kmix, recording is easy. The more useful features are shown on it's screen shot.
Audacity is a very nice program for manipulating audio files. I use it to reduce noise and to separate tracks on LPs with it's "export selection as wav" option in the file menu. The screen shot shows a sample file loaded up and the noise reduction dialog.
Vorbis is the compression software, Vorbis-Tools is the Debian package. It is patent and royalty free, so you can be sure it will be around in the future. The command oggenc converts your wav files to ogg files. ogg123 plays ogg files and is available for Open Zaurus.
The ECLiPt Roaster, or eroaster, is the easy way to burn CDs. If you have the IDE-SCSI module loaded on your machine, eroaster just works. If not add "ide-scsi" to your /etc/modules file and reboot. When I digitize a record, I make a CD of the uncompressed wav files for backup. If something bad happens to my compressed music, or some grand new format is invented, it won't be too much work to do it all again. I also make CDs of my compressed music too and that's a nice way to share it with the family.
There are many programs to play your music back. The easiest is XMMS. Others build databases that remember you preferences and do other nice things for you.
Normal networking software, ssh -X, sftp, ftp, http, is how I get my files around. While having access to my music collection in a coffee shop is not the most important thing in the world to me, it's a nice byproduct of my need to get other files. At home, I ssh to my music box and run random play scripts.
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